The other day (Feb 10, 2021) Joe Rogan interviewed Elon Musk for 3 hours on his Spotify podcast (You can listen to a replay of the podcast below). They were in Texas and not California so no pot was smoked this time. The discussion began with the topic of UFOs and Alien Life, which Musk easily dismissed by observing that over the centuries tens of thousands of archaeologist have not once found a shred of evidence for alien life - e.g. a titanium cube in a pyramid - so "they must be very shy," he said, or else there is no such thing.
Over glasses of bourbon on the rocks Rogan and Musk talked about the new Roadster, which would be shipping some time in 2022. Rogan asked him how the rocket propulsion would work, and would the car be able to hover. Musk said for sure he wanted it to hover, but not more than a metre (3 - 6 feet) above the ground. "I don't want to kill anybody," he said, adding that it might wreck the suspension if it dropped from that height, but people would survive. He explained how the car would come stock with two kiddie seats in the back, but if you ordered the "SpaceX option package" that part of the car would instead contain a carbon fibre reinforced ultra high pressure tank at 10,000psi. "The license plate would flip down James Bond style and a rocket thruster would come out that gives you three tons of thrust. This thing would move like a bat out of hell," said Musk.
As for the Model S Plaid, he said they just tested it and got acceleration of 0 - 60 in 1.96 seconds. He said as delivered the new Model S Plaid would beat 7 seconds on the Nürburgring track, which is unheard of for stock cars. In practical terms Musk said that off the line from a green light, "The car will hit 60 mph before it crosses the intersection. It's insane. It's uncomfortably fast."
On the question of how people will drive the new Model S without a stalk for shifting gears Musk said that when you press the brake and then the accelerator the car would simply figure out whether you want to go backward or forward. "It looks and sees if there's an obstacle in front, in which case it would choose reverse," said Musk. If the situation is ambiguous it defaults to the inverse of whatever you started with, says Musk. This would happen when parallel parking for instance. Besides he says if you just swipe up or down on the screen it changes direction. "You'll see. Once you get rid of the stalk and have the car figure it out, it's annoying to have a stalk."
Musk then gave a quick tip: "If you just swipe down on the navigate button in any Tesla it figures out if you want to go Home or to Work and just navigates there." If it's morning time it assumes work. His basic philosophy is that the car should always know what to do. He says, "All input is error. If you have to do something, it's an error." That is: the car should always naturally know to do the right thing. If you have to intervene, then the car did something wrong.
He then told Rogan that his favourite game in the car is Polytopia, a strategy game. "That's my top recommendation for any game in the car." He said in the future, as cars become more autonomous, trips are really going to be more about entertainment. "Entertainment first, and then productivity," says Musk.
He then talked about how much he liked Austin, Texas where they are building the factory for the Cybertruck. "This is where the Tesla team wanted the factory to be. It's a mini California in Austin," says Musk. "I think Austin is going to be the biggest boom town that America has seen in half a century." The Tesla factory is only 2 miles from the airport. "We have a lot of land: 2500 acres right next to the airport."
He said they had to redesign the Cybertruck to be two or three inches smaller so it would fit into the tunnels made by his Boring Company. He predicted that volume truck production would happen in 2022 and it would have a range of something around 300 miles (~500 km). Talk then turned to aerodynamic drag for the cybertruck. Turns out the sharp angles of the truck are very bad for aerodynamics. "Air likes rounded surfaces," says Musk. But he added that having the angled cover at the rear over the truck bed makes a huge difference, and is unlike any other pickup truck where the flat bed and tailgate act like dragging a parachute behind the vehicle.
Musk then started talking about tires. He said that an airless tire was probably coming but it was a very difficult problem, all things considered.
Next they talked about vans. He said with a flat roof, and a big awning that spread out to the side they might be able to put solar panels on top, and get enough energy to provide 30 miles a day of range from the sun for free. "Capturing solar energy is all about area," says Musk. You need an area the size of a house roof to be practical for charging an electric vehicle.
Later in the program Musk got on the subject of automobile safety including seat belts and airbags. At one point Musk said, "Modern air bags are so good they will blow your mind," even suggesting that seat belts might not even be necessary. "At Tesla we have even updated the software to improve how the airbags deploy." Based on an array of sensors in the seats, he said, "We calculate if you are an adult then how much do you weigh. Are you on this part of the seat or that part. Are you a baby? Are you a toddler? We work out if it's a male or a female to a percentile probability." Tesla airbags fire differently depending on your weight, your position on the seat, and even what your gender orientation is. Musk added that airbag deployment software improvements is always included with regular over the air updates so it's always getting better. "The sophistication of airbags is crazy good," he says.
Next they talked about lithium batteries used in cars. When Rogan asked if lithium was a rare element Musk assured him that it was everywhere, one of the most common elements in the universe. He pointed out that the term 'lithium battery' is actually a misnomer because the batteries are composed mostly of either nickel or iron. Using a food analogy Musk said, "Lithium is like salt. Do you like salt on your salad? Sure. But it's not made of salt." According to Musk nickel-based batteries are more energy dense but iron-based batteries are cheaper to produce. He said Tesla's batteries contain a nickel cathode, a carbon/silicon anode and the lithium ions just trundle back and forth between the two.
Rogan and Musk continued to sip their whiskey as they moved on to the topic of climate change and what can be done. Musk's position is that since the oil supply is finite, at some point we MUST switch to more renewable sources of energy, so why not do it sooner rather than later. He did not come down hard on the oil and gas industry. Instead he promoted a carbon tax which both he and Rogan agreed was a no brainer. Musk says he has already spoken to President Biden urging him to introduce a carbon tax in the US, but Biden was not prepared to do that as it would be politically dangerous. According to Musk a carbon tax is key to solving the climate crisis because it internalizes the economic cost of burning fossil fuels for energy. He talked about his creation of an X-Prize for a viable carbon capture technology, saying that a HUGE amount of energy is always required to capture carbon. "How much wind or solar energy is required to pull carbon out of the atmosphere and make a cube of it or something, a giant cube?" he asks. "We don't actually know the answer to this question and that's why I'm giving a hundred million dollars to get a better answer."
The conversation then turned to the Model X which Musk described as the Fabergé Egg of cars and an insane exercise in hubris. "We really got carried away with that car," says Musk. He seemed somewhat embarrassed. They talked about its amazing HEPA filter system, it's crazy doors, and it's incredible stability in safety tests. He pointed to a few specifics. For instance that the gull-wing doors have specially developed ultrasonic motion sensors that are hidden so they didn't have to put the typical little round plastic pucks on the outside of the door. Also the way the seats are mounted on a rear inclined single post with all the mechanism hidden beneath the floor, "so if you open the door and look through, it's just completely clean," says Musk. "The floor is like a knife edge. There's nothing else like it." The windscreen of the Model X is like in a helicopter he says. "There's no place to attach the sun visor. So we had to create sun visors that nest in the A pillar, rotate forward with a magnetic attachment that pops out and attaches to the rear view mirror." The sound system in the Model X is designed taking into account that the windscreen acts like a giant subwoofer resonator. "The sound system is epic in the X," says Musk. "It's good in the S too. It's even better in the new S." Rogan then asked if there's going to be a plaid X and Musk said sure and bizarrely fast for an SUV, with a range of about 350 miles (560 km). You can order one now on Tesla.com for about $113,000.
The next topic of conversation was the Tesla Semi truck. Musk said that Tesla semis are already being used to move cars. "We drive them back and forth from Fremont to Reno transporting stuff." He quoted a range of about 300 miles, which he said was enough for most trips driven by trucks. You want a 500kWh battery pack in a semi said Musk, reminding Rogan that the Model S comes with a 100kWh pack. This would be accomplished by incorporating the battery packs as structural elements of the truck frame. "This definitely works one hundred percent, there's no question about it," said Musk. He also said that Tesla semi trucks will be inherently safer with a super low centre of gravity and also "with individual motors controlling the wheels the computer will automatically prevent it from jackknifing, a truck driver's worst nightmare."
The interview ended with Rogan asking Musk if he was planning to branch out into airplane design and production. Musk responded by saying his brain would explode if he did because he has so much on his plate already. He said no car company has ever expanded into "air cars." But he then spent a few minutes discussing the physics of flight, concluding that the main goal should be to get as high as possible as fast as possible, because once you are at 100,000 feet (30.5km), air density is 1% of that on the surface, which means you can go very fast using very little energy. He said the problem with combustion engines was that they needed air to burn fuel, and with the air density at altitude being 100 times less than on the surface it's very difficult to design a combustion engine that can operate over such a huge range. "It's an intractable problem," said Musk, "But if you have an electric plane it's not burning anything so it doesn't matter." Musk said that Tesla would likely do trucks and boats before they work on airplanes, "But ultimately there will be an electric vertical take off and landing supersonic jet." He said a lot of other smart people are working on it, so it will probably happen.
After a long wait, Tesla has finally launched the refreshed Model Y - the world’s best-selling vehicle - in China. The vehicle is available for pre-order throughout the Asia-Pacific market, so let’s dive into everything new.
Currently, Tesla’s order page expects the first vehicles - the Launch Series - to begin deliveries to customers in May 2025, just about four months away. For now, there are just two variants - the Rear Wheel Drive, and the Long Range, All Wheel Drive model.
Launch Series Edition
Similar to the Foundation Series Cybertrucks, the Launch Series Model Y’s are a limited release and include a set of additional options.
You’ll get an exclusive Launch Series badge on the rear liftgate and doorsill plate. Plus, the Launch Series badging shows up in the puddle lights too. The charging console also has “LAUNCH” as a wordmark on the trim, and the interior comes with an exclusive black vegan suede finish.
Launch Series for the Long Range AWD also comes with Acceleration Boost, the first time Tesla has ever included the feature outside of an “in-app” purchase.
What’s New
There are a lot of new things in the 2025 Model Y, from a new and sharp-looking exterior, an improved interior, and even better specs to round off the whole package. There are even several surprises that we didn’t know about. There’s a lot to like here.
Exterior
Tesla has redesigned the front and rear of the vehicle with iconic new light bars, which they mention increase vehicle aerodynamics, efficiency, and range. Part of this includes redesigned body castings for the Model Y refresh, reducing parts from 70… to just one. That’s fewer gaps, all designed to make an even quieter ride than before. We’re excited to see how all these improvements perform - after all, increasing stiffness is the key to a better ride.
The front bumper camera is also visible - so that’ll be the first for a Tesla vehicle outside of the Cybertruck. Hopefully, they’ll include it in FSD and Actually Smart Summon as well, but right now, at least on the Cybertruck, it’s only used for Autopark or, of course, to use it manually.
The refreshed Giga Casting
Not a Tesla App
Indirect Rear Light Bar
The rear light bar is actually not aimed away from the car - but at it. According to Tesla, it's the first indirect reflective body panel taillight - and it looks cool. Tesla has also redesigned several curves on the car - it looks far more aerodynamic and cuts a sharp figure over the original Model Y. These changes will improve range and performance.
The rear light bar
Not a Tesla App
Tesla has also introduced a new color - Glacier Blue - exclusive to the 2025 Model Y Refresh for now. The standard color option is Stealth Grey, while Pearl White Multicoat, Glacier Blue, Quicksilver, and Ultra Red are all available as options.
The new Glacier Blue
Not a Tesla App
Tesla has also removed the hitch option from the Model Y Refresh. This is a big change - it was the only non-premium level Tesla vehicle to include a tow hitch. We’re hoping that Tesla does include a tow hitch in versions coming to North America and Europe - as many users do use them. If it is indeed gone, that’ll mean the only vehicles left in the lineup with tow hitches will be the Cybertruck, Model S, and Model X.
Interior
First up - ventilated seats and ambient lighting will be the first two things you see, along with new soft-touch finishes across the interior. Tesla has really hit the mark with the interior of the Model Y Refresh - it looks clean and sharp.
Updated interior with ambient lighting
Not a Tesla App
The updated interior still features a 15.4-inch touchscreen - the same size as previous models but also includes an 8” rear touchscreen for all versions of the vehicle, similar to the refreshed Model 3.
Tesla has added improved connectivity to the vehicle - improving the range for the Phone Key, clearer calls, and faster cellular and Wi-Fi connectivity. This is likely a chipset improvement for the infotainment module - and includes a newer version of Bluetooth, as well as support for 5G. We’ll dig into these details once we know more.
The updated speakers are cleverly hidden away inside the trims, and we expect a lot of improvements for Tesla’s already fantastic audio - especially in the Long Range AWD version.
One of the coolest features is power reclining seats - you’ll be able to recline or raise your rear seats at the touch of a button in the rear of the vehicle and potentially in the vehicle menu, too. That’s going to be an amazing convenience feature for families and those moving luggage around.
Turn Signal Stalk
Not a Tesla App
In a surprising move, Tesla says they have listened to customer feedback and added a precision-engineered turn signal stalk. There’s only a single stalk on the left side of the steering wheel while the gear shifter remains on the screen and Autopilot remains as a steering wheel button.
The steering wheel buttons are similar to the Cybertruck, which provide “clicky” feedback. Since the turn signals have moved over to a stalk, Tesla is introducing customizable steering wheel buttons. You’ll likely be able to set them to features like turning on the front or rear cameras, voice commands or other features.
Handling
Just like the Model 3 refresh, Tesla has worked some magic on the suspension, improving vehicle handling and comfort while also offering more responsive steering and an even quieter ride. This includes updated tires, wheels, and a new suspension.
New Wheels, New Suspension
Not a Tesla App
No word yet on Adaptive Suspension - that’ll likely be a hold-out for the Performance variant, which will show up later in 2025.
Specs
Vehicle
Range*
0-60mph
Charging Speed (15m)
2024 AWD
501 km / 310 mi
5.0s
239km
2024 LR RWD
525 km / 326 mi
7.9s
250km
2025 AWD (Juniper)
551 km / 342 mi
4.3s
266km
2025 RWD (Juniper)
466 km / 289 mi
5.9s
229km
*Range for the Model Y Refresh is WLTP, while for the 2024 vehicle, it is EPA estimates. WLTP estimates are generally on the higher side owing to geography and temperature in the Asia-Pacific.
There’s a lot to take in right here, spec-wise. The Model Y Refresh AWD is faster than its predecessor and has a considerably longer range. According to Tesla’s spec sheet, it also charges slightly faster - even faster than the current LR RWD with its LFP battery. That’s a great improvement across the board.
Beautiful Curves
Not a Tesla App
The RWD is less of an immediate improvement - but this is a Standard Range RWD - not a Long Range RWD, so the comparison isn’t exactly comparable to the 2024 LR RWD. It seems likely that Tesla will replace the Long Range RWD with the 2025 Standard Range RWD once it arrives in North America and Europe. However, even the RWD has a pretty hefty improvement in the 0-60 section.
When Does It Arrive
Tesla says that it’ll be shipping the Model Y Refresh in just a few short months - customer deliveries of the Launch Series should begin deliveries in May - if you’re in the Asia-Pacific region. For customers in Europe and North America, we’ll probably have to wait a few months before the 2025 Refresh arrives here - likely in the early summer months.
Tesla won’t keep people waiting too long - after all, it's the much-awaited refresh of the world’s best-selling vehicle. We’re super excited to see more of it and hopefully get our hands on it for a test drive in the future.
With the Model Y Juniper closer than ever, with production potentially beginning as soon as this month at Giga Shanghai, it is time to put all the cards on the table and take a look at everything we know about Project Juniper before it becomes a reality.
To make this easy, we’ll break this down into sections and then expand into what we know, what we expect, and any remaining rumors. This page should be a one-stop shop for everything we know about Project Juniper.
Battery & Range
Let’s kick off with the battery. While there were initial reports that Juniper could potentially get a 95kWh battery, this is relatively unlikely. The Model Y is aimed to replace the average SUV, which means that it has to compete against other SUVs in both price and range.
While the Model Y doesn’t take any trophies for range, it is priced attractively throughout the world, and this is one of the key reasons that it has been the best-selling vehicle globally in back-to-back years.
Instead, we’d go ahead and take a more conservative estimate and assume that the Model Y Juniper’s range will sit fairly close to the current vehicles. At best, a 10% range increase can likely be expected. Here’s our take in the table below.
Variant
Current Model Y
Model Y Juniper
Long Range Rear Wheel Drive
337mi
350mi
Long Range All Wheel Drive
320mi
340mi
Performance
311mi
330mi
In addition, Tesla will most likely use the same pack that currently exists in the Model 3 Highland - the two vehicles share many similar parts. This parts similarity offers Tesla the ability to rapidly and quickly scale vehicle production while also cutting down on production and service costs due to part sharing.
Changing to new battery tech, like the upcoming NC20s could be a possibility, but Tesla has previously mentioned they don’t expect to introduce these until at least late 2026. Instead, we’ll probably see updated versions of the CATL 6M packs for the RWD variant and 2170 cells from Panasonic or LG in the other two variants.
Wireless Charging Contacts
The Cybertruck shipped with a set of internal connectors to prepare it for a future retrofit for Tesla’s Wireless Charger - and we’re hoping to see this in the Model Y Juniper as well. After all, why not future-proof newer vehicles for robotaxi capabilities like wireless charging if the Cybertruck already has support?
Adaptive Suspension & Track Mode V3
The Model 3 Highland’s performance variant arrived with frequency-selective damping suspension, while the overall Highland package was improved with softer springs and a smoother ride. Plus, tuning for suspension options arrived in the Dynamics menu, enabling owners to tighten up or loosen up their ride based on what they felt most comfortable with.
Further tuning was enabled in Track Mode V3, which provided even more options and more control over vehicle endurance than Track Mode V2. Track Mode V3 will be a big jump for the Model Y Juniper, so we’re excited to see what they do here.
Light Bars & Front Fascia
All the leaked images we have seen of Juniper so far have given us a good perspective on what really looks like a light bar, and the latest uncovered leak confirms what we already suspected.
The two lights, upper and lower.
Not a Tesla App
Similar to the Cybertruck, the front light bar acts as daytime running lights, while the lower mounted lights act as the actual low beams and high beams. What’s interesting is that the newly uncovered photos reveal what looks like two gaps in the light bar. Most Tesla fans agree that it’s not a great look and would much rather have a continuous light bar across the front of the vehicle.
On the rear side, we’ve also seen a rear light bar in some leaked images, but others show a totally different rear design that doesn’t integrate a light bar but instead has a one-piece tail light and a set of bottom lights. We’re not quite where Tesla will go with the rear, but it's likely to be the one-piece + set of bottom lights, as the bottom lights are a legal requirement in North America, Europe, and China.
Abomb1997 on Reddit
Performance-Only Fascia
The Model 3 Highland’s performance variant received an updated fascia that helps direct air to the wheels and brakes for cooling - and we expect a similarly designed, more aggressive fascia to arrive with the Performance variant of Juniper.
Interior
The Model 3 Highland received fantastic interior upgrades, so we expect to see most, if not all of them arrive on the Model Y Juniper as well.
Ventilated Seats
Just like the Model 3 Highland, we expect Juniper will be equipped with ventilated seats, which brings a fairly premium-level feature to a vehicle more aimed at the mass market. Ventilated seats have always been a big ask from customers, and the Model 3 receiving them was a good sign that this feature will make its way into the Model Y Juniper as well.
Updated Steering Wheel
Not a Tesla App
A new photo of the interior not only shows off a stalkless steering wheel with the primary shifter moved over to the screen but also reveals a squircle steering wheel. It’s not clear whether this will make its way to production, but given all the changes to Juniper when compared to the new Model 3, it wouldn’t be surprising if Tesla added another unique feature to the upcoming 2025 Model Y.
If you really miss those turn stalks - we recommend taking a look at Enhauto’s S3XY stalks, which are launching in early 2025! However, make sure you give the signal buttons a try - while they take some time to get used to, they are pretty nice!
Rear Screen
The Model 3 Highland finally brought with it a rear screen to all its variants usable for gaming, media content, and controlling rear climate. It’s a convenient and fantastic update that helps the Model 3 feel just a little more premium.
We expect the rear screen to also make its way to the Model Y Juniper, and costs little to nothing for Tesla to add, as it is run off the main infotainment computer. It actually probably benefits Tesla, as it increases the demand for rear passengers to be able to watch YouTube, Netflix, or something else - which requires Tesla’s Premium Connectivity,
Ambient Lighting
Another set of leaked images also showed off the interior ambient lighting - it looked different enough from the Model 3 to not be the same vehicle. The interior ambient lighting in Juniper seems to go midway down the door rather than ending at the very edge of the door.
Take this one with a grain of salt, though - as this was likely a very early prototype, and the leaked images are from July. Six months is a lot of time to make a lot of changes to a vehicle - especially since Tesla has already introduced ambient lighting in the Chinese Model Y.
6 Seat Variant
A report from a Chinese paper mentioned that a 6-seat variant of the Model Y would make its way to the production lines sometime in late 2025. Reuters also reported that this variant would be a Chinese-exclusive version, but we’re hoping to see this make its way to North America and Europe as well - especially since the 7-seat variant can be extremely cramped.
More Speakers
Tesla puts a lot of effort into their sound systems - fine-tuning them to sound far better than most third-party solutions in other vehicles. The Highland brought with it an additional 3 speakers for the Long Range and Performance variants, and the updated Model Y Juniper will likely have the same additional set of speakers.
FSD Hardware
While the updated Model Y is expected to have a new front bumper camera and a rear camera that’s placed on the trunk lid instead of above the license plate, we don’t expect any other changes on the FSD front.
That means we can expect that AI4 will be powering the Juniper Y, just like the rest of the Tesla fleet, at least for the time being. If you were hoping to hop onto the latest and greatest FSD hardware with the launch of the Juniper, you may be disappointed.
Instead, you could look forward to Unsupervised FSD making its way to AI4 vehicles sometime in 2025, especially with Tesla looking to deploy robotaxis in the United States already.
Bumper Camera
One big change that we could expect is the arrival of the bumper camera. The prototypes spotted earlier in the year had what appeared to be a camera on the bumper, similar to the one mounted on the Cybertruck. Cybertruck doesn’t actually use this camera for FSD but does use it for Autopark. We were also expecting updated versions of the Model S and Model X with the bumper camera, but we have yet to see that change being made - so it could be that the bumper camera remains Cybertruck exclusive for now.
However, it would be a fantastically beneficial change, and while it isn’t clear whether the bumper camera will make it to production, we at least know Tesla has been considering adding it.
Wrap-Up
That’s everything we know without diving too deep into numerous rumors. We actually did a rumour round-up recently, so if you’re interested in seeing what our research dug up on the Model Y Juniper, check it out here.
It shouldn’t be long now until Tesla officially unveils the new 2025 Model Y — Project Juniper.
