The electric vehicle market in the United States hit a new milestone in 2023, with a record-breaking sale of approximately 1.2 million units, the vast majority of them Teslas. The latest report contradicts previous claims that the demand for EVs is diminishing. Clearly, there is a growing shift towards electrification in the automotive industry, highlighting consumer enthusiasm for more sustainable transportation options.
A Surge in EV Popularity
According to Kelley Blue Book, in 2023, the total number of new electric vehicles put into service was 1,189,051, a significant increase from previous years. This rise in EV adoption contributed to EVs capturing 7.6% of the total U.S. vehicle market, up from 5.9% in 2022. The fourth quarter of 2023 was particularly notable, with EV sales setting records in volume (317,168 units) and market share (8.1%). Despite these impressive figures, the pace of growth has shown signs of slowing, with a year-over-year increase of 40% in Q4, compared to higher growth rates in earlier quarters.
Tesla: Leading the Charge
Tesla remains a dominant force in the U.S. EV market, accounting for 55% of all EV sales in 2023. While this decreased from 65% in 2022, Tesla's aggressive pricing strategy has helped maintain its market leadership. The Tesla Model Y alone represented 33% of all EVs sold in 2023, and Tesla's overall share of the U.S. market reached a new high of 4.20%. The Model Y and Model 3 are the reigning Cost to Own Award winners, according to Kelley Blue Book as well.
Rk
Vehicle
Units Sold in 2023
1.
Tesla Model Y
394,497
2.
Tesla Model 3
220,910
3.
Chevrolet Bolt EV/EUV
62,045
4.
Ford Mustang Mach-E
40,771
5.
Volkswagen ID.4
37,789
6.
Hyundai Ioniq 5
33,918
7.
Rivian R1S
24,783
8.
Ford F-150 Lightning
24,165
9.
Tesla Model X
23,015
10.
BMW i4
22,583
The Tesla Model Y led the pack in 2023, with 394,497 units sold, followed by the Tesla Model 3 at 220,910. Other top sellers included the Chevrolet Bolt EV/EUV, Ford Mustang Mach-E, Volkswagen ID.4, Hyundai Ioniq 5, Rivian R1S, Ford F-150 Lightning, Tesla Model X, and the BMW i4.
Competition is Starting to Heat Up
While Tesla remains at the forefront, other automakers are at least on the playing field. German luxury brands like BMW, Audi, and Mercedes-Benz have seen an increase in their EV sales, with EVs making up 12.5%, 11%, and 11.5% of their total brand sales in 2023. This growth indicates a shifting trend among luxury car buyers towards electric models.
Non-luxury brands are also making significant strides in the EV market. Volkswagen, for example, reported that EVs accounted for 11.5% of its total sales in 2023. This diversification among manufacturers suggests a broadening appeal of EVs across different market segments.
One of the hurdles in EV adoption has been the cost. In December 2023, the average price for a new EV was $50,789. However, changes in tax incentives and shifts in the market are anticipated to bring EV prices closer to those of internal combustion engine vehicles. The Chevy Bolt and Nissan Leaf were among the few EVs with a manufacturer’s suggested retail price below $40,000 in December.
2024: The Year of More for EVs
The Cox Automotive Economic and Industry Insights team has dubbed 2024 "the Year of More" for EVs. Expectations include increased new product offerings, incentives, inventory, leasing options, and infrastructure development. These factors are predicted to push EV sales even higher, potentially reaching a 10% market share in the U.S. by the end of 2024.
The EV market is set to become more competitive and diverse, with Kelley Blue Book estimating over 70 different EV models to be available within the next two years. This expansion in choice is likely to fuel further growth in EV sales as consumers have a wider range of options to suit their preferences and budgets.
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Tesla’s been on a roll with Supercharger improvements lately, from the 325kW charging update for the Cybertruck, to 500kW with V4 Superchargers coming next year. While those improvements have been limited to the Cybertruck, Tesla didn’t put all their focus on their new flagship vehicle, but looked at their more affordable vehicles as well.
LFP Battery Heating
Tesla’s Superchargers can now heat LFP Batteries - those that are in the Model 3 and Model Y Rear Wheel Drive variants. This applies to Long Range and Standard Range models, which saw a limited run. This is another update included as part of the 2024 Tesla Holiday Update - which really arrived with a lot of unannounced new features and capabilities.
The change is pretty interesting - Superchargers of the V3 and V4 variety can now pre-heat batteries for Model 3 and Model Y vehicles equipped with LFP battery packs. That means those vehicles are able to get back on the road faster when it's extremely cold. Of course, Tesla still advises you to precondition before you arrive, saving drivers time and money.
Max de Zegher, Tesla’s Director of Charging, also commented on the new feature. Essentially, Tesla is inducing an AC (alternating) ripple current through the battery to warm it up. Keep in mind that Superchargers are DC charging. That means it is possible to get a cold-soaked LFP vehicle on the road 4x faster than before, assuming that it didn’t precondition at all and that it is in the worst-case scenario (below 0ºF).
In essence, Tesla is using some engineering magic to turn the circuits inside the LFP battery into an electric heater - and powering that heater through the Supercharger. An AC ripple current is a small oscillation in the DC charging current that generates heat through electrical resistance, warming up the battery. Those ripples are a byproduct of converting AC to DC and back - so Tesla is using the onboard charger to induce those ripples to warm up the battery. Definitely an innovative technique that’s really only possible with the versatility of the NACS connector.
We’re hoping Tesla can implement this across their full lineup of vehicles, but we’ll have to wait and see how it is trialed across LFP vehicles first and if it is even possible on vehicles with 2170 or 4680 battery packs.
Tesla launched two FSD updates simultaneously on Saturday night, and what’s most interesting is that they arrived on the same software version. We’ll dig into that a little later, but for now, there’s good news for everyone. For Hardware 3 owners, FSD V12.6.1 is launching to all vehicles, including the Model 3 and Model Y. For AI4 owners, FSD V13.2.4 is launching, starting with the Cybertruck.
FSD V13.2.4
A new V13 build is now rolling out to the Cybertruck and is expected to arrive for the rest of the AI4 fleet soon. However, this build seems to be focused on bug fixes. There are no changes to the release notes for the Cybertruck with this release, and it’s unlikely to feature any changes when it arrives on other vehicles.
FSD V12.6.1 builds upon V12.6, which is the latest FSD version for HW3 vehicles. While FSD V12.6 was only released for the redesigned Model S and Model X with HW3, FSD V12.6.1 is adding support for the Model 3 and Model Y.
While this is only a bug-fix release for users coming from FSD V12.6, it includes massive improvements for anyone coming from an older FSD version. Two of the biggest changes are the new end-to-end highway stack that now utilizes FSD V12 for highway driving and a redesigned controller that allows FSD to drive “V13” smooth.
It also adds speed profiles, earlier lane changes, and more. You can read our in-depth look at all the changes in FSD V12.6.
Same Update, Multiple FSD Builds
What’s interesting about this software version is that it “includes" two FSD updates, V12.6.1 for HW3 and V13.2.4 for HW4 vehicles. While this is interesting, it’s less special when you understand what’s happening under the hood.
The vehicle’s firmware and Autopilot firmware are actually completely separate. While a vehicle downloading a firmware update may look like a singular process, it’s actually performing several functions during this period. First, it downloads the vehicle’s firmware. Upon unpacking the update, it’s instructed which Autopilot/FSD firmware should be downloaded.
While the FSD firmware is separate, the vehicle can’t download any FSD update. The FSD version is hard-coded in the vehicle’s firmware that was just downloaded. This helps Tesla keep the infotainment and Autopilot firmware tightly coupled, leading to fewer issues.
What we’re seeing here is that HW3 vehicles are being told to download one FSD version, while HW4 vehicles are being told to download a different version.
While this is the first time Tesla has had two FSD versions tied to the same vehicle software version, the process hasn’t actually changed, and what we’re seeing won’t lead to faster FSD updates or the ability to download FSD separately. What we’re seeing is the direct result of the divergence of HW3 and HW4.
While HW3/4 remained basically on the same FSD version until recently, it is now necessary to deploy different versions for the two platforms. We expect this to be the norm going forward, where HW3 will be on a much different version of FSD than HW4. While each update may not include two different FSD versions going forward, we may see it occasionally, depending on which features Autopilot is dependent on.
Thanks to Greentheonly for helping us understand what happened with this release and for the insight into Tesla’s processes.
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