Tesla Unveils Optimus Robot Gen 2: Tesla-Designed Fingertip Sensors, Actuators and Ten Other Improvements [Video]

Optimus Gen 2 shows off its new finger tip sensors

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Tesla provided a one-minute, 43-second video update on its new humanoid robot. Optimus Gen 2 has come a long way since we originally saw a person dressed up in a white and black spandex costume, and even further since the last update in March.

Enhanced Design and Functionality

The Optimus Gen 2 robot represents a significant evolution from its predecessor. It's 10 kilograms lighter and moves 30% faster. There are moments during the short video where you have to ensure the company hasn’t returned to the spandex-wearing stand-in; it is that good.

A key highlight of Tesla's Optimus Gen 2 is its human-like movement. The robot features new hands and feet equipped with advanced, Tesla-designed sensors and actuators, allowing precise and delicate object manipulation. This upgrade in tactile capability paves the way for the robot's practical application in various tasks.

There’s a new bot in town 🤖

Check this out (until the very end)!https://t.co/duFdhwNe3K pic.twitter.com/8pbhwW0WNc

— Tesla Optimus (@Tesla_Optimus) December 13, 2023

In a remarkable display, Optimus delicately picks up an egg with those new hands. The video displays the sensors in the fingertips matching where the egg is situated and the force the fingers are using.

Moving beyond functionality, the Optimus Gen 2 also showcases Tesla's flair for design. It had a few body panel upgrades that could be taken straight from a stormtrooper.

In the video, Tesla describes the enhancements that have been made in this second generation of the robot, which include:

• Tesla-designed actuators & sensors

• 2 DoF (degrees of freedom) actuated neck

• Actuators-integrated electronics & harnessing

• 30% walk speed boost

• Foot force/torque sensing

• Articulated toe sections

• Human foot geometry

• 10kg total weight reduction without sacrifice

• Improved balance & full-body control

• Faster, 11-DoF brand-new hands

• Tactile sensing on all fingers

• Delicate object manipulation

Optimus Progression

Amazing pace of innovation by the Tesla Optimus team 🦾🤖 pic.twitter.com/gzR5sEEBNk

— Tesla Hype (@TeslaHype) December 13, 2023

The Machine That Builds the Machine

There’s no doubt Tesla will use Optimus in its assembly lines, and it’s only a matter of time before Tesla utilizes Optimus to build its own Optimus robots. Although this screams science fiction, it makes sense from an efficiency perspective and the safety of robots and AI are a subject Tesla is taking seriously.

The Machine That Builds The Machine#Tesla #Optimus #AI pic.twitter.com/Gx6iiZrItR

— Tesla Hype (@TeslaHype) March 1, 2023

Software and Practical Application: The Real Challenge

Despite its impressive hardware, the real challenge for Tesla lies in the software and practical applications of Optimus Gen 2. The goal is to develop a robot that can reliably and flexibly perform real-world tasks, a challenge that resonates across the field of humanoid robotics.

Tesla's swift progress from announcing its venture into humanoid robotics to unveiling the Optimus Gen 2 is remarkable. This rapid development underscores Tesla's capacity for swift innovation and execution, qualities that have defined the company under Elon Musk's leadership. The Optimus Gen 2 represents a significant contribution to the rapidly evolving field of robotics.

However, Tesla is a leader in artificial intelligence due to its Full Self-driving program, which has changed into neural nets. Version 12 of FSD, now being tested by employees, replaces 300,000 lines of code and allows the system to maneuver the car using its vast neural network. If Tesla can make that work on the road, with hundreds of different variables, it can apply it to robotics where it’ll be used in repetitive situations with fewer variables.

As Tesla continues to refine Optimus, the implications for the company and the broader robotics industry are profound. Musk's vision of Optimus surpassing the value of Tesla's automotive business highlights the anticipated impact of humanoid robots in various sectors. Plus, the robot now dances like Elon, you have to watch until the end of the video to see that display.

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Tesla LFP Batteries Can Now Be Warmed up While Supercharging Using Innovative Feature

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Tesla’s been on a roll with Supercharger improvements lately, from the 325kW charging update for the Cybertruck, to 500kW with V4 Superchargers coming next year. While those improvements have been limited to the Cybertruck, Tesla didn’t put all their focus on their new flagship vehicle, but looked at their more affordable vehicles as well.

LFP Battery Heating

Tesla’s Superchargers can now heat LFP Batteries - those that are in the Model 3 and Model Y Rear Wheel Drive variants. This applies to Long Range and Standard Range models, which saw a limited run. This is another update included as part of the 2024 Tesla Holiday Update - which really arrived with a lot of unannounced new features and capabilities.

The change is pretty interesting - Superchargers of the V3 and V4 variety can now pre-heat batteries for Model 3 and Model Y vehicles equipped with LFP battery packs. That means those vehicles are able to get back on the road faster when it's extremely cold. Of course, Tesla still advises you to precondition before you arrive, saving drivers time and money.

Max de Zegher, Tesla’s Director of Charging, also commented on the new feature. Essentially, Tesla is inducing an AC (alternating) ripple current through the battery to warm it up. Keep in mind that Superchargers are DC charging. That means it is possible to get a cold-soaked LFP vehicle on the road 4x faster than before, assuming that it didn’t precondition at all and that it is in the worst-case scenario (below 0ºF).

In essence, Tesla is using some engineering magic to turn the circuits inside the LFP battery into an electric heater - and powering that heater through the Supercharger. An AC ripple current is a small oscillation in the DC charging current that generates heat through electrical resistance, warming up the battery. Those ripples are a byproduct of converting AC to DC and back - so Tesla is using the onboard charger to induce those ripples to warm up the battery. Definitely an innovative technique that’s really only possible with the versatility of the NACS connector.

We’re hoping Tesla can implement this across their full lineup of vehicles, but we’ll have to wait and see how it is trialed across LFP vehicles first and if it is even possible on vehicles with 2170 or 4680 battery packs.

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Tesla Included FSD V12.6.1 and V13.2.4 in the Same Update: What Caused This and What It Means

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Tesla launched two FSD updates simultaneously on Saturday night, and what’s most interesting is that they arrived on the same software version. We’ll dig into that a little later, but for now, there’s good news for everyone. For Hardware 3 owners, FSD V12.6.1 is launching to all vehicles, including the Model 3 and Model Y. For AI4 owners, FSD V13.2.4 is launching, starting with the Cybertruck.

FSD V13.2.4

A new V13 build is now rolling out to the Cybertruck and is expected to arrive for the rest of the AI4 fleet soon. However, this build seems to be focused on bug fixes. There are no changes to the release notes for the Cybertruck with this release, and it’s unlikely to feature any changes when it arrives on other vehicles.

While this update focuses on bug fixes, Tesla’s already working on bigger features for FSD V13.3, which we have already confirmed to include improvements to highway following and speed control.

FSD V12.6.1

FSD V12.6.1 builds upon V12.6, which is the latest FSD version for HW3 vehicles. While FSD V12.6 was only released for the redesigned Model S and Model X with HW3, FSD V12.6.1 is adding support for the Model 3 and Model Y.

While this is only a bug-fix release for users coming from FSD V12.6, it includes massive improvements for anyone coming from an older FSD version. Two of the biggest changes are the new end-to-end highway stack that now utilizes FSD V12 for highway driving and a redesigned controller that allows FSD to drive “V13” smooth.

It also adds speed profiles, earlier lane changes, and more. You can read our in-depth look at all the changes in FSD V12.6.

Same Update, Multiple FSD Builds

What’s interesting about this software version is that it “includes" two FSD updates, V12.6.1 for HW3 and V13.2.4 for HW4 vehicles. While this is interesting, it’s less special when you understand what’s happening under the hood.

The vehicle’s firmware and Autopilot firmware are actually completely separate. While a vehicle downloading a firmware update may look like a singular process, it’s actually performing several functions during this period. First, it downloads the vehicle’s firmware. Upon unpacking the update, it’s instructed which Autopilot/FSD firmware should be downloaded.

While the FSD firmware is separate, the vehicle can’t download any FSD update. The FSD version is hard-coded in the vehicle’s firmware that was just downloaded. This helps Tesla keep the infotainment and Autopilot firmware tightly coupled, leading to fewer issues.

What we’re seeing here is that HW3 vehicles are being told to download one FSD version, while HW4 vehicles are being told to download a different version.

While this is the first time Tesla has had two FSD versions tied to the same vehicle software version, the process hasn’t actually changed, and what we’re seeing won’t lead to faster FSD updates or the ability to download FSD separately. What we’re seeing is the direct result of the divergence of HW3 and HW4.

While HW3/4 remained basically on the same FSD version until recently, it is now necessary to deploy different versions for the two platforms. We expect this to be the norm going forward, where HW3 will be on a much different version of FSD than HW4. While each update may not include two different FSD versions going forward, we may see it occasionally, depending on which features Autopilot is dependent on.

Thanks to Greentheonly for helping us understand what happened with this release and for the insight into Tesla’s processes.

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