Tesla will benefit from opening up its Supercharger network to all EVs
Tesla
Tesla's Supercharging network has been exclusive to Tesla owners partly due to the proprietary plug that's used in the U.S. and Canada. However, the company may have to make changes to access billions of dollars the U.S. government will spend to build more charging stations across the country.
Opening Up to Competition
Tesla's Supercharging network in the United States will have to become available to competitors due to a new requirement from the U.S. Department of Transportation. Reuters reports that the final provision will be announced next week, which will pressure Tesla to expand beyond its proprietary charging plug and include the CCS1 charging standard used by many of its competitors. Otherwise, Tesla will lose the chance to receive $7.5 billion in subsidies, which is part of President Joe Biden's plan to construct 500,000 electric vehicle chargers in the coming years.
Tesla's U.S. Supercharger network, with more than 40,000 chargers worldwide, is often regarded as the benchmark because of its reliability, speed, and availability. However, the network's exclusivity has led to non-Tesla owners being unable to use it. For example, Tesla drivers can buy an adapter to connect to CCS1 chargers, but non-Tesla owners cannot do the same with Superchargers.
Competition Among Companies
Chargers seeking to become part of the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) program will need to use the CCS standard, the U.S. charging system standard used in nearly all charging stations except Tesla's Superchargers. Companies such as ChargePoint Holdings and EVgo Inc are expected to compete for funding under the NEVI program.
Unfortunately, this move ends the idea that Tesla's charging system, which offers the most reliable hardware, will be the choice for North America charging stations. Tesla opened up its connector design for any competitor to use, but it appears EVs will be stuck with the bulky CCS system.
Tesla's Response
Tesla has already opened up some of its Superchargers in Europe and Australia to non-Tesla EVs, however, Teslas and Superchargers in those regions already use the CCS charging standard (CCS2 is used in Europe and Australia), making it easier.
Tesla has previously stated that it plans to allow other EVs to access their Superchargers in the U.S. as well, but that is still in progress. Tesla is expected to reveal updated Superchargers that will offer the CCS1 plug alongside Tesla's NACS plug.
Elon Musk met with the Biden administration a few weeks ago to discuss several topics, including the charging network. Last year, Tesla wrote the Federal Highway Administration, offering the Biden administration suggestions on how to shape the charging program. The company has also responded to a recent request from Ohio officials that companies submit charging proposals. In addition, in Arizona, Tesla said it was open to upgrading its chargers or building new ones to meet federal requirements, although a final decision was not made.
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Tesla’s been on a roll with Supercharger improvements lately, from the 325kW charging update for the Cybertruck, to 500kW with V4 Superchargers coming next year. While those improvements have been limited to the Cybertruck, Tesla didn’t put all their focus on their new flagship vehicle, but looked at their more affordable vehicles as well.
LFP Battery Heating
Tesla’s Superchargers can now heat LFP Batteries - those that are in the Model 3 and Model Y Rear Wheel Drive variants. This applies to Long Range and Standard Range models, which saw a limited run. This is another update included as part of the 2024 Tesla Holiday Update - which really arrived with a lot of unannounced new features and capabilities.
The change is pretty interesting - Superchargers of the V3 and V4 variety can now pre-heat batteries for Model 3 and Model Y vehicles equipped with LFP battery packs. That means those vehicles are able to get back on the road faster when it's extremely cold. Of course, Tesla still advises you to precondition before you arrive, saving drivers time and money.
Max de Zegher, Tesla’s Director of Charging, also commented on the new feature. Essentially, Tesla is inducing an AC (alternating) ripple current through the battery to warm it up. Keep in mind that Superchargers are DC charging. That means it is possible to get a cold-soaked LFP vehicle on the road 4x faster than before, assuming that it didn’t precondition at all and that it is in the worst-case scenario (below 0ºF).
In essence, Tesla is using some engineering magic to turn the circuits inside the LFP battery into an electric heater - and powering that heater through the Supercharger. An AC ripple current is a small oscillation in the DC charging current that generates heat through electrical resistance, warming up the battery. Those ripples are a byproduct of converting AC to DC and back - so Tesla is using the onboard charger to induce those ripples to warm up the battery. Definitely an innovative technique that’s really only possible with the versatility of the NACS connector.
We’re hoping Tesla can implement this across their full lineup of vehicles, but we’ll have to wait and see how it is trialed across LFP vehicles first and if it is even possible on vehicles with 2170 or 4680 battery packs.
Tesla launched two FSD updates simultaneously on Saturday night, and what’s most interesting is that they arrived on the same software version. We’ll dig into that a little later, but for now, there’s good news for everyone. For Hardware 3 owners, FSD V12.6.1 is launching to all vehicles, including the Model 3 and Model Y. For AI4 owners, FSD V13.2.4 is launching, starting with the Cybertruck.
FSD V13.2.4
A new V13 build is now rolling out to the Cybertruck and is expected to arrive for the rest of the AI4 fleet soon. However, this build seems to be focused on bug fixes. There are no changes to the release notes for the Cybertruck with this release, and it’s unlikely to feature any changes when it arrives on other vehicles.
FSD V12.6.1 builds upon V12.6, which is the latest FSD version for HW3 vehicles. While FSD V12.6 was only released for the redesigned Model S and Model X with HW3, FSD V12.6.1 is adding support for the Model 3 and Model Y.
While this is only a bug-fix release for users coming from FSD V12.6, it includes massive improvements for anyone coming from an older FSD version. Two of the biggest changes are the new end-to-end highway stack that now utilizes FSD V12 for highway driving and a redesigned controller that allows FSD to drive “V13” smooth.
It also adds speed profiles, earlier lane changes, and more. You can read our in-depth look at all the changes in FSD V12.6.
Same Update, Multiple FSD Builds
What’s interesting about this software version is that it “includes" two FSD updates, V12.6.1 for HW3 and V13.2.4 for HW4 vehicles. While this is interesting, it’s less special when you understand what’s happening under the hood.
The vehicle’s firmware and Autopilot firmware are actually completely separate. While a vehicle downloading a firmware update may look like a singular process, it’s actually performing several functions during this period. First, it downloads the vehicle’s firmware. Upon unpacking the update, it’s instructed which Autopilot/FSD firmware should be downloaded.
While the FSD firmware is separate, the vehicle can’t download any FSD update. The FSD version is hard-coded in the vehicle’s firmware that was just downloaded. This helps Tesla keep the infotainment and Autopilot firmware tightly coupled, leading to fewer issues.
What we’re seeing here is that HW3 vehicles are being told to download one FSD version, while HW4 vehicles are being told to download a different version.
While this is the first time Tesla has had two FSD versions tied to the same vehicle software version, the process hasn’t actually changed, and what we’re seeing won’t lead to faster FSD updates or the ability to download FSD separately. What we’re seeing is the direct result of the divergence of HW3 and HW4.
While HW3/4 remained basically on the same FSD version until recently, it is now necessary to deploy different versions for the two platforms. We expect this to be the norm going forward, where HW3 will be on a much different version of FSD than HW4. While each update may not include two different FSD versions going forward, we may see it occasionally, depending on which features Autopilot is dependent on.
Thanks to Greentheonly for helping us understand what happened with this release and for the insight into Tesla’s processes.